Both RAM and disk are involved. Squid uses a Cache Digest in memory when deciding whether a neighbour might have an object; the disk copy supports storage and exchange.

DigestLifecycle described by Squid's Cache Digests FAQ
Locally generatedBuilt and retained in RAM, then written to disk as an ordinary cache item that neighbours can request over HTTP.
Fetched from a peerKept in RAM for fast lookup and stored on disk for reuse after restart and distribution to neighbours.

These are summaries of cache contents, not copies of the cached response bodies. When accounting for storage, distinguish the local summary, downloaded peer summaries and actual cached objects.

A positive lookup also is not a guarantee that the peer can serve the object. Digest membership can produce a false hit, so Squid may ask a peer that cannot satisfy that request.

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